Agriculture, yani agherkeulen transformet id natural milieu kay buwes animal au vegetal productions consummet ab i menscens. Sekwent Henrique Matheus Da Silva Lima, maschouro brasileir agronom, id est id simpleihen ios Nature ambient pro ensan neud.
Piutes kathirer menscens[]
Tiel circum anno mil, tienxia population hat oistagnen. Gnoht, besonters in Europe, un visibler augen, possiblihn ab gohder agrent makhsouls dank ia technic innovations tyehcus ab id XIt secule (disfalgens, diffusion ios plugh...). Lakin, id tula inter opsens ed pieutwans remant diu fragil. Ia economic ed demographic crises tom zamans sont pre quant agrent crises. Id agrent revolution quod oistart in England ye id XVIIIt secule, med besonters id enclosuren trend, ia inkapems ios selection iom semens ed id taysa os ogor ab kekosbeuwens, hamraht ed favoriset, con ia Progressa om hygiene ed medicine, id demographic transition.
Ye id XXt secule, ia lands om Europe ed Nord America antplehce uno model os productiviste agriculture quodschi se diffundt, bariem part-ye, do lands ios sud hemisphere kam Australia, Argentina, Brasilu. Idsa suldasturs sont produce meis, med minter menscens bet med kardwnta technic zariyas. Id notion os makhsoul pro hectare biht essential. Id numer om khouters meinct - agrents oiskeipe minter quem 2,5% ios opospledveh in France ed in ia Uniet Stats os America, nundiens sixt ed prest exporters om agrent products -, bet ir mege auct ed mecanisation, dind motorisation, id intensive neud iom phytosanitaren products ed genetic ingenieurie permitte crisces ia productions. In Europe, id enplacen ios Commun Agrent Siyassa pos id signature iom Rome Traiteits in 1957 hat favoriset tod evolution. Agriculture est id sector quod recordet ia aksterst gains os productivitat unte ia Trente Glorieuses.
Tod productiviste model se hat propaget in id druna ios dwoter dwidel ios XXt secule do ia antslehnkend lands sub id nam os glend revolution. Tod hat prohpen in Central America unte ia 1940tias med ia wehrgs ios US agronomios N.Borlaug, Pace Nobelpris in 1970, bet bilhassa in Sud- ed Sud-Eust Asia gnoht id poskwo sieno mierst antslehnken. Kay piutes un jaldi crehscend population, i nowngmins om Hind, Indonesia, iom Philippines, etc, hant widen nov productiver rissemens, antplohcen irrigation ed id neud iom pesticides. Id glend revolution hat esen id response ei "pieutchallenge" tos continent in plen economic crosct.
Norman Ernest Borlaug (1914-2009) eet un US biolog ed humanitar qui duxit initiatives tienxia qua contribuer ia extensive augens os agrent production kalta "Glend Revolution". Is buit maimour med agrent paursken in Mexico, quer is antplohc semi-nan, hogmakhsoul, siuge-resistent traigven varietats. In id medium ios XXt secule, Borlaug introduxit ta hogmakhsoul varietats combinet ad moderne agrent productionstechniques do Mexico, Pakistan ed Hind. Ka resultat, Mexico bihsit uno net exporter os traigv yant 1963.
Ia limites tom progressen[]
Ta incontestable progressa stundent nuntos protie plur obstacles qua duce ad rencause id productiviste model. Besonters, agriculture hat bihn un polluant opos. Id massen use om chemicals ed id mecanisation ormereihnt swols ed deteriore id ambient (leus os biodiversitat, teursen iom enderghomwedernts...) kam to est beviden ab phenomens kam ia "glend lamens" in Breithen au id dust bowl (gvaltic duilstorms) iom plains ios US Middle West.
Sam-ye, id glend revolution biht nundiens critique bi plur sababs. Hois, progressa nake ir limites : id tienxia ris production - ids emblematic beuwen - neti augneut pon decen yaren. Ciois, ia lands qua hant experimentet id subeihnt ia sama ambientschinghays quem ia riche Nord lands. Semsghi appellee ad exmehne un "double-ye" glend revolution kay face ia nov challenges os Posdaril antslehnken. Bad, buit social-ye ed geographic-ye selective. Global-ye hat Africa manen apart menxu ia mier lands qua hant widen id glend revolution sont taschi quer etileikwnt meisti duspiuten anghens, ed ti sont paradoxal-ye nowngmins. Id glend revolution ne hat schowi kamyapt exraudhe hungher tienxia. Piutes un crehscend population - nev milliards menschen circum 2050 sekwent demographic prognohsas - remant uno major pand pro quod nov responses tehrpsient bihe trohven.
Pieurnen buit oino iom prest agrent modus, baygh practic quan i menscens ne bad hieb metall alats bet, ye moderne scal - kam her in Brasilu - est meg vierdnic dia ambient.
Organic agriculture kay piutes id mund ?[]
Un crehscend numer agronomen defendt organic agriculture ka solution ei problematique os posdaril antslehnken. Tod wehkwos covehrt diversa praxis ex qua sems hant prohpt yant in-kap id XXt secule. Keiht ep id constate od id swol est un organic systeme, yani un gwiv milieu quod tehrpt bihe managet kay conservet sien fertilitat. Itak sont refusen ia methodes aggressive dia ambiento nuden ab id "traditional" agriculture, besonters ia chemicals.
Ids opponents aynt organic agriculture tik un gadget pro riche lands quod niet permitte vinces id challenge ios amem uns crehscend tienxia population. Est ver od in ia lands om Europe ed Nord America ia organic beuwens obtene minter gohd makhsouls quem alters, quodghi dreibht un sehnken ios production. Lakin, ne a priori in ta regions punor confronten ad problemes os uperproduction wehst id probleme os tienxia hungher. Witerom, i agronoms os organic agriculture ghehldeihnt od tod hassilet gohd resultats in ia tropical lands med innovanta methodes kam agroforesterie - quod consist tyices beuwen au wodstu sub un rewosto drustegos - au id "triswesgen" - id combeuwen om labu, mays ed slehngerfassol, besonters in Mexico. Yed etileikwnt od tei organic agriculture dar moliet convinces ed od remant uno minoritar praxis.