Un bank est un financial institution quod acceptet deposits ud id public ed creet credit. Laynopsa ghehde bihe tyicen auter direct-ye we indirect-ye per capitalen mercats. Due ir importance in id financial stabilitat uns land, banks sont hog-ye xiseyt in pleista Stats. Pleist lands hant institutionalisen un systeme gnoht ka fractionreserven systeme kemti-yod banks xeihnt liquid activa egal ad tik un portion irs current passive. Trans alya xiseys swekwehrskwnd liquiditat, banks daydey sont submitten ad naudhs os minimal capital keihnd ep un tienxia menghia om capitalen standards, gnohn ka ia Basel Accords.
Il Palazzo Salimbeni, central sedd ios Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, in tod urb os Toscana, Italia. Tod bank, creen in 1472 ka tangpfu kay imdadhe i dusdehnst classes ios population Sienas, est id awst opost bank tienxia.
Skeipt, con alter companies ios grupp, id quart Italian bankengrupp ye numer filialen. Est active unte id hol Italian territorium ed in ia magna tienxia places. Taiper, ids majoritar actionnaire est id Italian Stat quod xeiht 52,184% os idsum social capital, med id direct smyehren ios Ministerium om Economia ed Finances.
Ia magna activitats iom banks[]
College sparen bi ia woikias[]
Banks hant prest ka bungos college sparen bi ia woikias ed layne im economic agents qua vole finance un project. Id bank preleift tun costa qua corresponde ids expertise de id selection im clients. Unghi privat individu quell inlyeicskwiet sien denars ne sagviet ad quel layne ia, ob el ne hat wakto kay studye id interesse ios project es quel launskwt, ed ob el ne gnoht els payghmonia. Id banko kwehrt to vice el ed est meis competent de. Eti, sei yu launte direct-ye ad semanghen ed sei tel ne vos rembeurst, yu leuste maung chunke yu leuste hol. Id bank launt maungims. Sei un launer ne rembeurst, id dayt id leus inter sien quant clients, yoitkwe ielganghens leus est minim.
Id adjustement iom durens om inlyoiga ed layn[]
Banks hant eti ka bungos correspondihes ia durens om inlyoiga ed layn.
Qui laynent ne homologhskwnt pro diu. Bariem, volent ses yakin od sient recupere jaldi ir denars in fall os probleme. Un important part iom deposits est yinjier ye cort au medio meiwrnt.
Qui laune, ops kay tyices investions, vole wakto kay remburses. Un important part iom launs est ye long meiwrnt.
Aun id bank, esiet impossible coincidihes id vol utern con tod altern. Id bank sagvt kwehre to, chunke id succession iom cortmeiwrnten deposits kwehrt longmeiwrnta deposits : oin decs reconduct layn pro oino yar hat id sam kweit quem oin layn pro dec yars. To wehrct perfect-ye eger ia collect volumes ne change.
Monete creation[]
Banks hant fin-ye ka bungos cree monete. Monete creation est lasim ad economic crosct. Idmen existent sparen ex id nohmt revenue (edghi realiset Production) permitt tik finance ia taysa investions, qua garantient id sam productionsnivell. Id de economic crosct (productionsaugens) est possiblihn ab idafi investions (nett investions). Kay finance ia, liquiditats dehlge bihe injecta do id banksysteme. Est id rol os monetaro creation.
Peking chefquartier ios Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. Id ICBC (khanji : 中国工商银行) est un Chinese multinational bankcompagnie. Est tienxia mierst bank yeji total amlaks ed tienxia richest yeji mercatcapitalisation pon Februar 2017. Sulen dien 1sto Januar 1984, id hieb in Jun 2015 activa weirtend 3,616 billions om US dollars.
Id separation iom opsen om tajirbank ed commercial bank[]
Oino iom explications ios 2008 tienxia economic crise gwehmt ex ia duswehrgens ios finance deil-ye herbohrgen ab ia banks. Id bankdoctrine ios too big to fail ("pior mier mae muflisasce") hant sprohncto quan id US Gouvernement hat deciden mae etistehme Lehmanns-Brothers in 2008. Iaghi banks ghohd muflisasce, dreibhend con se id ruine em lyter sparers.
De facto, biht nudiens iskwt id werd de kweter tehrbe ia speculationsactivitats iom banks bihe separen ud ir activitats om deposit ed layns.
Stricto sensu, un tajirbank est un financial ambact pro entreprises dayir financial operations, mathalan fusions, ia public kaupbehds au exchangenbehds... Lato sensu, ambghehrdt ia tijaratopsa pro wi conto, quando ia banks hant biverslynen pro seswo. Yani un bank emt stands ep ia different financial mercats - actias, cinsa, valuta au derivate mercats - pro seswo ed ne pro id conto sienen clients. Tod opos hat bihnt tadrijan essential pro ia banks, ibs procurend uno mier part iren revenue ed brungsen. Id dayi est kam pro ia hedge funds os etiruydes ia mercats, uperlites ia indexen makhsouls. To yeist tsay ibs major saudaghern scandals tom akhir yars, kam id Kerviel affaire, ye id nam tos operator ios Société Générale qui hieb inlyict meis quem 50 millards ep derivate products, id denoument iom operations dreibhus un 4,9 milliards leus pro id bank. Alya samgenos affaires hant udbrohcto tuntos.
Ta individual kussours, au inherent ei speculative activitat, demonstre in quant fall od tijarat pro wi conto ghehdt endanger id tinghi opos ios bank in fall os parvolven ios mercat kam to buit in 2007-2008. Id question est tun kweter ta dwo structures dehbhent bihe dissocyen, kam to buit id fall in ia Uniet Stats os America in 1933 med id Glass-Steagall act.
Id argument pro solg dissociation est protege i deponents in fall os concors. Ia arguments contra tod sont od ia meist solid banks unte id crise vibuir ia universal banks, ed od diversification vi-seinct ia costs os financen, quo vibrungent i clients iom commercial banks.