Etymologia: Ex Hellen οίκος = "woik", ed νόμος = "nohmos".
Definition: Economia est id social opos om production ed exchange os opnos. Stricto sensu, est id Science quos ziel est id studye tos opos.
Economia est oin tom a priori evident notions yed obkwehct destull jaldi flau ed complexe ad delimite. Ielganghen sagvt identifie facts qua sont incontestable-ye economic : production, entreprise, capital, orbat... Ta bayghe "economia", bet ne sont kafi pro sayge quod est economia. Idghi lexis hat yando meg ouvert, alyes meg restrictive neuds. Sem economiste quel eiskwt vande sien ilmo maghiet, payn exagerend-ye, sigwre od quant est economia. Lato sensu, poitt bihe tolken de id economia os liubh we de id economia uns project. Tun id lexis, kyeusend idsmee general organisation os un systeme, neti concernt druve-ye id economia im economisten.
Adam Smith (1723-1790) buit un Alban economiste, philosoph ed autor. Buit uno Moralitatsphilosoph, un pionnier os politic economia, ed buit un cleicho-rjienbwuts unte id era iom Alban Lumens. Esti suagnohtst ob dwo classic wehrgs : The Thoery of Moral Sentiments (1759), ed An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). Senter, biadet bragvyen do The Wealth of Nations, est ayn eys magnum opus ed id prest moderne wehrg de economia.
Organisation au social sibia ?[]
Bo acceptions sont yed ne alnos rhayir ad quo interesset economistens. Gwehment ex id sam etymologia ed ir usage hat naduren menxu id muassir definition os economia bihsit preciser. Badghi ye id XVIIIt secule, in-kap id Industrial Revolution in England, economia vikyeust idsmee general organisation ios production ios opnos ed ids exchanges. Tod maynen ei est mathalan dahn ab A.Smith, ops ayno iom prest economiste wa iom dehtor os moderne economia, med eys buk The Wealth of Nations. Economia ghi est sammel opos ed organisation, eti id science quod oistudyet tod opos.
In druve, ne vasyi economistes samstehme de tod definition, quo beuwt od economia varyet sekwent autors ed zamans. Tod question est indissociable ud id existence om plur menscols. Na Smith, ies economistes ios inkapem ios XIXt secule (Ricardo, Mill, Say...) buir besonters interessen ab id management iom wesus, id management iom ressurcen yeji iro rartat, ir exchanges. Ia ressurces behandet kay produce wares ne esend aunlimite, economia est yinjier un science iom cheusen.
Pro Marx (1818-1883), buit-yos isschi prest qui kwit ka "classic" iens economistens pre se ed quom conception os economia is-pet rejexit ka "burgese", tod est ne tik un organisation, sontern unschi social sibia. Id weidos quosmed mensci produce ed exchange est indissociable ud id organisation ios hol societat. Tod proschgumt kye economia lakineti ne est unanim-ye accepten. Pro liberal au neo-classic economistens (Walras, Marshall, Friedman...), id central probleme os economia remant tod-on ios affectation raren ressurcen kay produce wares au services.
Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch (1895-1973) buit un novator norsk economiste, gnoht inter alya ob seulus id ilm econometria, ed creevs in 1933 id tienxia nuden conceptenpair macroeconomia-microeconomia. Bihsit in 1931 professor om economia ed statistique in id Roy Frederik Universitat, sul in 1932 id Economic Institut ed buit decan ios Ieus Facultat ex 1942 do 1943.
Macroeconomia ed microeconomia[]
Sei ne vasyi economistes samstehme de quod est economia, to est due, bariem part-ye, od ne vasyi studye id ye id sam weidos. Biadet bihnt enderkwiten, besonters universitar-ye, dwo meger branches os economia : macroeconomia ed microeconomia.
Macroeconomia est id studye iom mier economic menghias (productionsectors, lands...), iren sibias ed os economia ka menghia. Tod notion buit antplohcen ab iom norsk economiste R.Frisch in 1933 ed quod ei viel algve id prest mizdo ios Nobel Fundation pro economic sciences in 1969 - ops kalen "Economia Nobelpris", quayque id ne buit creen ab iom-pet Alfred Nobel. Id Brutto Inland Product (BIP), crosct, inflation, beghsorbatia sont typic-ye notions os macroeconomia. Tod oistudyet economia ka un hol, yani in systeme quos quant parts sont interdependent. Tage interdependences eiskwt id kwitres.
Microeconomia est id studye iom economic sulouks im Individus (consummer, entrepreneur, salariat...). Est interessen meis besonters ab id formation iom prisen, ab production ed ab id nehmen iom amdanis eni id entreprise. Est privileget ab ia trends om neoclassic au marginaliste analyses (Pareto, Hicks, Samuelson...).
Lakin, id separation microeconomia-macroeconomia mehldt neid radical diweiden inter bo proschgumts, qua sont in druve complementar. Macroeconomic decisions influent microeconomia. Mathalan, sei id Stat auct id minimal salair, tod decision hat consequences ep ia cheusa im consummers.
Meis nuper, alya specialitats eni economia hant emers hin occupent un quasi hegemonic stand, besonters in id universitar talim os economia. Est id fall os econometria quod kneigvt ep statistic hissabs kay teste id efficience variable daht ab economic loys ed models.