Etymologia: Ex hellen κρίσις ("judcement"). In Medievalo latin, crisis emt id maynen os fujat ed violent degradation os un siuge.
Definition: un economic crise est un brehg os economic crosct au opos.
Crises sont brehgs[]
Etymologia suggest od un economic crise est, semkam, un siuge os economic crosct, un fujat ed violent degradation tos : est id "recession"; ed id wakel os producen opnos meinct. Sei tod alternation duret, neti dehbht tolke de economic crise, sontern de "depression". Yed, in current werdskaut, crise ed depression ops hant prokwem usages. Eti, id rencausen ios rol os crosct, besonters ab i tarafdars os discrosct, duct adschi neti aye systematic-ye ia crises ka un interruption os croscto chunke id exleiten ex id crise ghehdiet neti ses, tuntos, un reiken os crosct.
Pon id XIXt secule ed id prest Industrial Revolution, mult crises gegwohmeer ad interrumpes crosct ed interroge i economistens de ir suls. Id 1929 crise hant besonters ubfallt ob sien amplor ed tod os 2008 ei biht ops comparet. Economic crises tant beangste ob sont ne tik brehgtids os economic opos, sontern ob dreibhent opsschi grave social ed politic consequences. Kafi est mehmihes od nationalsocialisme dwigh-se ei 1930tias Deutschland ravaget ab id crise. Ies politic wanaks in magh in Europe pos Mund Weir Dwo hant suamohmen id ed buw prosperitat un prioritat.
Crises os different buhsa[]
Economic crises ne sont un novtat ios industrial era. Iaschi awa societats gnohr recurrent crises, bet ta hant mithen buhsa med industrialisation. Ia crises Awios Regime, wa pre-industrial, eent preter sem segetal crises ed os agrent subproduction. Ia ne gwohm ad interrumpes un crosct periode sontern ad brehge id fragil tula quod ee-exist adic-ye inter ieven Production ed ia khassiat wans ios population. Id granen rartato stighih ia prisa samt negative consequences dia id kaupmagh im urban consummers. Ia crises propageer-se it ei hol Economia. Hant baygh ops habt grave demographic consequences chunke ia gohneer mertios pics. Crises gnohneunt different manifestations samt id emergence os industrial capitalisme ye id XIXt secule. Neti sont os agrent subproduction sontern os industrial uperproduction ed ops manifestent-se preter med un beurscrasch. Id excess ios offerte binisbat id demande dreibht ye tod ker un prisensehnken. Ia profits iom entreprisen meince, ta reduce tun ir investions ed tyeice rukhsas, yando en masse.
Quetos ia crises ed quosmed salge ia ?[]
Id tolken ios origin iom economic crisen diverct sekwent ia scols os economic men. Quetos id distula inter offerte ed demande ?
Pro i liberals, ia crises orgwehme preter ex ia dwineghs qua vyeige uper id offerte, yani uper ia entreprises. Fiscalitat besonters meinct ia marges om senters ed id demande, schawngdaneiht investions ed employ edghi production. Kay restarte tod ed salge id crise, id offerte tehrpt bihe liberet ex sien dwineghs; importet ghi kem id Stat limitet sien interventions. Ep uno Mercat os leudher ed perfecto concurrence, offerte ed demande dehlge equiliber mutu automatic-ye per ia prisen fluctuations. Iaghi crises bayad sont zanchey.
Pro Marx (1818-1883), ia crises sont bilax phenomens inherent ei capitaliste systeme. Gnahnt ex uperproduction ed un trendsehnken ios profitratio. Senter, quos habskwen est sekwent id marxiste analyse id motor ios capitaliste systeme, orgwehmt ex id kowp os capital ed id exploitation ios orbat im salariats. Kay auge ira profits bintghi i capitalists tenten ab auge iro production, bet id muzlimia iom salairs limitet id consumm. Tod uperkowp os capital seuwt yinjier uperproduction ed crise.
Pro i Keynesians, fin-ye, id reiken ios tula describen ab i classic economistens ne est automatic ed ia crises maghe se fordure ed posdare beghsorbatia. Id sehnken os employ dreibht tod iom amdanis ed demande, ed it se posdehrjt id crise. Kay salge id ed bringhes tsay crosct ed plen-employ, zaruri est ei Stat intervene stehmend-ye id demande.
Sont ia crises cyclic ?[]
Id repetition iom crisen pon id XIXt secule ducneut sem economistens ad theorise id existence om economic cycles qua maghe ses long au cort. Is Russian economiste Kondratiev (1892-1938) hat enevidencet id alternation om long crosctprista (phase A ios cycle) dind os depression (phase B), 25 au 30 yars longa qua succeddneunt tid-ye mutu pon id end ios XVIIIt secule : ia prista os akster crosct ex 1792 do 1815, ex 1850 do 1873 dind 1896 do 1914 bihnt also intersegen ab sema meis muzlim crosctprista. Ta-pet long cycles esient rythmen ab corter conjunctural cycles samt id sam alternation os crosct ed os nilenten au recession. Ir duren varyet sekwent i autors : dec yars pro iom franceoiso Juglar (1819-1905), petis quar yars pro iom Englisch economiste ed statistician Kitchin (1861-1932).
Ye id end ios XXt secule, economiste Historians hant kyunggiawt bilax id continuitat os crosct ep longo meiwrnt. Id relevance ios cyclic analyse hant wohst ob to rencauset. Ponghi 1945, id crosct hat est mussalsal. Id "crise" iom 1970tias ne correspondt uno meithen inter un phase A os crosct ed un phase B os depression, sontern uno nilenten ios croscttempo. De facto, id triumph os Keynesian regulation hieb kamyaben arke id specter iom crisen unte ia Trente Glorieuses, bet pon id end ios XXt secule, id deregulation iom mercats ed globalisation bihnt hamraht ab un reiken om sema meis frequent crises : Mexico (1995), Asia (1997), Argentina (1999)... Id recento 2008 tienxia economic crise hat gwiwen id interesse analysten pro ia theorias iom economic cyclen.
Ghehdt austeritat bringhes Europe ex id crise ?[]
Austeritat kyeust un economic siyassa quos principal objective est reduce ia public deficits - yani ia budgets ios Stat ed ios Social Securitat. Est inspiret baygh direct-ye ab ia neoclassic ed liberal theorias pro qua id public expense est un kyehm ei suawehrgen iom mercats. Tod type os siyassa hat gnoht sem restart ab ia 1980tias, besonters sub id influence os Ronald Reagan in ia Uniet Stats os America ed as Margaret Thatcher in id Uniet Roydem, pos is Keynesian regulation quod se hieb dwighen pos id 1930tias crise ed unte ia Trente Glorieuses hieb kwohct achiz de bringhes ia Occidental economias ex id crise.
Pon 2008, ia Europay Stats, gwaru makrouse, se hant massive-ye aurghta do austeritatsiyassas sub id pressem iom financial mercats ed ios Europay Commission quod wakht uper id respect ios Stabilitatspact. Hant baygh akster-ye reduct id public expense ed hant dohlgen abandone certain sectors privatisend-ye ia. Id austeritat biht lakin contesten, besonters ab ia populations qua kwehndent direct-ye ir negative effects (meincen iom salairs ed iom social moinis, degradation iom public servicen...)
De facto, id hat recessive effects ed hat chitayt id reiken os crosct instet reliance id. Hellad, id Eurozone land gravest-ye hihn ab id crise, hat it kowpen ia recession yars ed viden sien dulg ubselle instet sehnke. Idpet International Monetar Fund, pos advoquevs austeritat, hat emitten dwois de id relevance os nakwehre id. Lakin, ia EU gouvernements ed id Europay Commission nabeuwe id reduction iom public deficits un prioritat sigwrnd-ye od ta efforts tehrbe wakto kay khissihes ir effects.