Etymologia: ex id awo hellen έπος, idpet ex id aryo werd wekwos.
Definition: Id lexis epos kyeust un literar jor quod bezielt narre ia extraordinar exploits au aventures em heroyic persons.
Ferdowsi est is megil epic poet os parsi literature. Eyso Schah-Nameh mathmount takriban 60 000 rimen couplets ed est divis do tri meger parts, mythic, heroyic ed historic. Id prest, ed cortst, narret id storia om quar civilisatoren roys regnend uper unum unien mund. Med id division ios mund inter iens quar sons ios quart inkapt id heroyic part, ed Ferdowsi amet tuntod sehkwe id meinyun os Iran. Tod parto tractet de ia intermittent conflicts inter Iranis ed Turani Tyrks, unte qua Irans roys bihnt hohlpt ab un noble familia os Sistan, besonters iom heroy Rostam; id relat idschi conversion os Iran do mensdehyazgen. Bad, Alexanders aventures ghyane id historic part ios epos, quod est consecret ibs Sassanians, tiel ir marloubia ant i Arabs.
Antique ed medieval epos[]
Id gnahsa os epos tarikhet tsay do Uber Antiquitat, samt ia dwo chefdovers os tienxia literature qua sont id Iliad ed id Odysseia, anadeht ei hellen poet Homer (IXt-VIIIim secules pre JC). Ta narns, gwohrden ab iens aoids, yani poets, unte fests, eent bohndt uni ritual bungos; exaltend-ye ia wirts ios communitat, ia murch id collective identitat ed skip un commun reference. Aristoteles (-384/-322) siet sigwre ta wehrgs hant "eduquen Hellad".
Also, id weir os Troia (wa Ίλιον) lohgen in id Iliad au id reiksafer os Ulysses (wa Οδυσσεύς) ex Troia do eys vatan Ithake, lohgen in id Odysseia, ne sont mer aventuren narns : ta songvs oispeculeer im Hellens ir cultural identitat. Id maschour episode con iom Cyclop liseiht - trans id literal wakya ios heroy pohden inter ia ghesors unios monster - id definition al Hellen - incarnen ab Ulysses -, con eysa swohds, menos, principes, wirts, diweident-ya quanto kweit Alter, el non-Hellen, el Barbar - in cid fall iom Cyclop.
It hassilet epos id bungos os dehtinarn, quod enscenet divs, citad ed menscens. Is latin poet Vergilius (1sto secule pre JC) hat dahn ad Rome ids dehtinarno med id Aeneis, quer is lehct ia origins ios Urb ab id beurt ios heroy Aeneas : id texte installet id roman Historia do id orden os mythos. Ielg nation, ielg bahsa est corresponden ab un epos, kmehn unte plur secules Medievi : ia Nibelungen (VIt-XIIIt secules) pro Deutschland, ia norren Sagas (Xt-XIIIt secules), ia poems ios Cid (medium ios XIIt secule) pro Espania ed id maschour Chanson de Roland (XIt secule) pro France : ia epic narns celebrent ia wirts os feudalisme (id taatia dia iom uperswamen, id jenchi courage, id Christian fid) kay cree un sentiment om bayghen ed communion. Consistent extraordinar actions, tyicen ab exceptional persons, in un universe samt pregnant antagonismes (inter Sellt ed Khitert, prabh ed dusprabh); id historic se blandt ei daumost, manifestend id presence ed id wehrg ios divin.
Ia Lusíadas sont un poetic wehrg ios scriptor Luìs Vaz de Camões, ayt id portughesche epos par excellence. Shayad zascript in 1556, buit publiet ye id prest ker in 1572, tri yars pos id reiken ios autor ex Orient. Id wehrgo consist dec songvs, 1102 strophes ed 8816 stiches. Id central action est id aunstehgen ios maritime route kye Hind ab Vasco da Gama, ambh yod bihnt describen alter episodes ios historia os Portugal, klewosdehnd id portughesche folk.
Moderne epos[]
Menxu ia megil dehtiepsa sont collective, au bariem plural, creations, ia narns ab Renaissance sont id fact em scriptors qui, weuxend ep i Ancians, hause ex id epic surce.
Id de roman os Cervantes Don Quijote (1605-1615) est un ironic epos : isghi maschour hidalgo, forlisen do ritterdem romans, vaht gwive, in sien inner mund, un serie om sammel grandiose ed derisor aventures. Tod tension inter id epic materia ed id moderne distance beuwent tod texte id prest occidental major roman.
Roman, bi Hugo au Zola, emt frequent-ye id tonalitat os epos : Les Misérables (1862) au Germinal (1885) comprinde pelu epic pages, usend sem effects om expressive repetition, megereihsa (hyperbole), ed exacerben realisme.
Ye id XXt secule, bi Joyce, Garcia Marquez au Malraux, rewehst id epic per id gust om aunmeidia ed heroyic aventure, id initiatic sok po sense ed id globalisant vol os tehlpihes uno mund eni oin buk.
Sam-ye hat cinema serviht id epic ia wirts unios nation au ideologia. Ia Uniet Stats os America, quom historia est recenter quem veut Europe, hant pagen in id western ir wi dehtilegend (is cow-boy, id Far West, is pionnier, id goldreusch, is scherif contra iom oisloy, is civilisen Blankos contra iom wild Indian). Is cineaste S. Eisenstein hat klewosdehn iom Russian folk ed id sovietsk ideal in Броненосец «Потёмкин» ed Генеральная линия (1929). Id present zaman, meis mistreusend dia ideals ed patriotisme, hat creet antiepsa ed antiheroys : S.Leone (1929-1989) hat ithan desmystifien id western med desenchanten accents ed regwost rjienbwutsens.
Interessant est note od nies posmoderne zaman gairn se yougyet ei epic jor - kam schahidet id serie iom Star Wars - ed sammel gweupt binisbat ia canonic schemas un ironic distance, eti creet un parodic dimension. Also ghehde bihe comparet id epic ijmal ios Normandie landen kam skaun in The Longest Day (1962), ed id spectacle pon menscenvidpoint ab S.Spielberg in Saving Private Ryan (1998).