Hellad

Hellad

Hellad (official-ye in Hellen : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία = "Hellenic Democratia") est un Stat os Sudeust Europe ana id Mediomar, lyehgend ye id bors ios balkanic peninsule ed lizden eusti ab id Agayos, westi ab id Yonani Mar. Est begrancen nordi ab Schkiperia, Makedonia, Bulgaria ed Tyrkia.

Hellad est member ios Europay Union (ed ios Eurozone) ed ios NATO.

Continental, peninsular (Peloponnese) ed insular (Yonani insules, Cyclades, Sporades, Crete), Hellad est un ghyorwent land (2917 m ep id Olymp), samt un sanscha relief. Id climat est mediomarisk Sudi, in ia insules ed ep id hol khayghian, yed se degradet nordworts, quer ghims ghehde ses rauk.

Nespekent id ienghe iom cultivable surfacen, binisbat id muzlim extense iom boengis ed plains (Thrace, Makedonia, Thessalia, Attikai), Agriculture remant un essential ressurce. Sulen ep id classic mediomar trilogia kwoid-vinyek-zeytoun, id dadwt yaschi tabak, agrumes. Owenwodstu est khaliban ghyorisk.

Hellad wikeer 11,128 millions leuden in 2013. Id nagor Athenas ed ids port Peirayeuso jamiye takriban id tridel ios population. Con Thessaloniki, ta urbs tanke pleista transformator industries, part-ye keihnd ep oik reuydopsa (lignite, bauxite, nickel). Id gwaur commercial deficit biht part-ye compensen ab id revenue ex tourisme ed id tajirflotte. Suborbatia remant hog (ed id endergrund Economia important)

In 2010, id amplor ios budgetar deficit ed ios public makrousia, biht critic pos esus diu masken in ia official ciffers, hant dwight ad Hellad un drastic austeritatsprogramme - gehnend akster social tensions ed desperationsreactions - maidehe sien EU partners tem quem id International Monetar Fund. Yed, nespekent plur exterseinkplans, id land remant wisken in recession.

Historic ijmal

Hellads Historia tiel id fin ios Roman domination (mohrt os Theodosius, 395 pos JC) wehst in id article Awo Hellad.

Christianiset yant id IVt secule, Hellad hat in id Rhomay Imperium un essential place med sien cheus ios Orthodoxia. Id local reaction face id frank occupation pos id prise os Constantinople ab iens Cruceits in 1204 favoriset id skeipen unios national identitat.

Takriban penk secules os tyrk domination eni id Ottoman Empire ne rencause id dervia im Hellens dia id orthodox Religion. Id national sentiment antslehnct; Hellens emigren do Occident posdehrje id stehmen dia id hellen wastah justifiet med id prestige Awios Hellad.

Kun id land acceddt independence in 1832, pos dec yars katu protiev id ottoman waldh, id est ne meis quem uno smulk roydem "protect" ab id Uniet Roydem, France ed Russia. Influence leiks iom megil stieures, Kirime weir, Russian-tyrk weir, tem quem inland pamrlans affece id skeipen os moderne Hellad.

In tod chaotic process, kweit, in-kap id XXt secule, is rjienbwuts Eleftherios Venizelos qui obtent, ye id end iom balkanic weirs (1912-1913) importanta territorial vantages.

Gnaht ex id hellen-tyrk weir (1921-1922), id Hellenic Democratia (1924-1935) sehnct do anarchia ed dictature pre bihe dribhto do Mund Weir Dwo, samt Italian ed Deutsch occupations.

Pos un civil weir (1944-1949) opponend i communiste resistants ed i royaliste partisans, Hellad, quod wehst oino iom pands ios Srig Weir, biht integren do id occidental camp (NATO, 1952), bet democratia remant fragil. Ids consolidation pos id dictature iom colonels (1967-1974) biht confirmet ab ids adhesion do id Europay Union (1981), integration akster-ye taraghneut, pon 2009, ab ia harbant effects ios financial ed Economic crise.

Id present flag Hellads buit dayim unte id moderne historia tos land in concurrence con un simple blou gnohmen samt albh cruce. Est wahid national symbol pon 1978.

Recent politic difficultats

Dien 25 januar 2015, legislative elections vide id historic sigh ios levter partise Syriza (36,3%, 149 sedds ex 300) ant id conservative "Nov Democratia" (27,8%). Id neo-Nazi Golden Octent arrivet in trit position (6,2%). Concludus un alliance con lyter levter partises, Syrizas perodhsedd A. Cipras biht Premier Minister, ed eys prest objective est sib udtolke ud i dayns ios land id renegociation ios quasi dusbohrascus dulg. Meg tens tolks tun starte inter Athenas, id EU ed id IMF.

Id economic ed financial situation se degradend ed Hellad neti rembeursus sien dulg dia id IMF yant dien 30 Jun, un nov hehlpsplan obkwehct necessar, menxu un eventual salgen ios land ex id Eurozone ("Grexit") tengiet stets probable.

Interrumpend ia tolks con i dayns, Cipras mehldt - gehnend-ye surprise ed iracundia bi senters - id organisation uns referendum de ia proposens tim dayns, qua ispet appellet ad rejece. Quayque ubbohrct ab id "no" em 61,3% im Hellen civs dien 5 Jul, is Premier Minister dehlct yed vicedde, samt plur istifas bayna sien allieits, besonters sien Financen Minister Yanis Varoufakis : un playct buit fin-ye signet dien 12 kay - pre quant - "restablie trust" inter ia EU institutions ed id Hellen gouvernement. Ducen ab Deutschland, i inflexiblest partisans iom austeritatsmeids, ed hostilest dia un sehnken ios dulg, uperwehnde ed id tutele uper Hellad biht kardwnen.

Id restart om tolks pro un trit plan os financial imdadh om circa 82-86 milliards om euros est acceptet sub stricta conditions : besonters, id augen ios WAT ratio ex 13% ed 23% pro dar plus maals ed services, id acceleration ed kaurdereihsa ios rentenreforme ed quasi-automatic limitations ios public expense in fall os forleiten ud ia objectives om primar exceddents (budgetar "golden reul"), un intensification ios privatisationenprogramme sub id supervision iom EU institutions kay gaines 50 milliards om euros pro remburses id recapitalisation iom Banks ye dwidel, sonst pro id meincen ios makrousia ratio ed pro investion.

Kohnst irrealiste, inefficient ed "toxic" ab sems, primt samt rehmen ab alters, id playct biht widt ab un weur majoritat ios Hellen Parlament. I Syriza members hostilest dia tod mutamaynen secede ed it leuseihnt id gouvernement ids majoritat. Istifend-ye ed provoquend-ye anticipet elections dien 20 September, A. Cipras lakin ghehdt kardehe ta difficultats : med 35,46% iom stehms, Syriza dact 144 sedds ed ghehdt forme un coalitionsgouvernement con i "Independents Hellens (souverainiste dexter, 9 sedds).

Id cooperation con i dayns kayjint-se ed Hellad salct id hehlpsprogramme in Augusto 2018; yed, id economic situation im Hellens remant nasuk.