Imperium

Etymologia: Imperium gwehmt ex Latin, quer maynt "ammer", "militar magh". Empire est id franceois descendant tos werd. Rig gwehmt ex Celtic *rigyo-.

Definition: Empire ed rig poittent kyuses un forme os monarchia, Stat quos souverain est un cesar ("Id Empire Russia"), au un conglomerat landen dominet ab un kreigend nation ("id Britisch Empire"); imperium poitt kyuses un informal menghia allieiten souverain Stats recogneihnd id suprematia os oin ex ia, maundmagh (in Antiquitat, id model ios "Athenay imperium"; unte id Srig Weir, buit bahn de "US imperium" ed de "Soviet imperium" aproposs bo opposen alliancensystemes).

Augustus, hered os Iulius Caesar, gnahsit in -63, ed buit is presto cesar ios Roman Imperium pon -30 tiel sieno mohrt in 14 nosters era.

Id antique romano model

Sub id Roman Respublic (IIIt-Isto secules pre JC), id decos imperator, supreme commander qui xeiht id imperium, est algven ab victor generals med id oway iom soldats. Poitteiht id celebration uns triumph, bet yant tod ceremonia biht khatem, is general zabehrt tod titule. Iulius Caesar (101-44 pre JC) est is prest qui, owayn imperator in 45 pre JC, nabehrt tod titule tiel sieno nehc. Sessiet imiten ab sien grandnepot, Augustus, imperator yant 27 pre JC, bet to correspondt un profundo modification iom institutions ios Roman Stat ed, chiowdeo, id instauration ios regime kalt nundiens Imperium.

In mult bahsas, id werdo cesar se refert dayim ei Roman preceddent, ne tik in Sambahsa, sontern inschi, mathalan, Deutsch Kaiser ed Rusko царь.

Id nostalgia dia id Occidental Roman Imperium, destrugen ye id Vt secule ab i Barbars, expliesiet id imperial cronen os Charlemagne, in 800, volt ab id Kyrko kam un restauration.

Bander ios Saker Imperium Deutschios Nation ab circum 1430. Tod Imperium existit ex 962 do 1806 bet jamiyit, khaliban, lands os deutsch bahsa.

Id dayi os Empire in Europes historia

Id vol os ischbate tod imperial vol, hatta unte uno meis restrigen geographic rewos, duct iom roy os Eust Francia, Otto 1st ad skipes, in 962, id Saker Imperium Deutschios Nation, quos gnohmen est el dwicap ornd ios Romanios Niter Imperium. Quayque lyt ed lyt bihnd in id druna os Historia un kabusstat, id Saker Imperium tehrsiet secules ed bihsiet abolihn bad in 1806 ab Napoleon Ist, alyo person fascinet ab id mehmen om Rome ed idsen ornden, tem quem isschi se proclamit cesar in 1804.

Entrim, ed pos id substitution, in 1453, uns tyrk muslim Empire (ios Ottoman Empire) ei veut Rhomay Imperium, ultim etiloikwi ios Oriental Roman Imperium, is rusko souverain Ivan is Terrible, peurst os Moskva, sib hieb tribuet in 1547 id imperial titule tsar. In 1914, eent in Europe quar cesars quoy se refereer, direct-ye we ne, ei roman tradition : is cesar ed roy om Osterreich-Magyaria, is cesar os Deutschland, bo prolongend id awo Saker Imperium, idghi Occidental Roman Imperium; is cesar os Russia ed, in Constantinople, is ottoman sultan quoy, ieter seni, se ieyeer iens successors im cesars Byzantyios.

Reconstruction ios druv lige os Ivan IV "iom Terrible", qui gnahsit in 1530 in id weiko Kolomenskoe prokwem Moskva, bihsit Grand-Peurst om Moskva ed vasya Russa in 1533, poskwo Tsar ab 1547 tiel sieno mohrt in 1584, ploisko inter 1575 ed 1576 kun is tataro khan Simeon Bekbulatovich regnit in eys absence, samt id titule "Grand-Peurst Vasyen Russen".

Dominants ed domineits

Bet, sei ia Stats qua toy souverains gouverneer bihnt chohxt proscher, biht tunkye midt quo kwehrt alyo specificitat iom empires, ja present in id Roman Imperium, bariem ye id moment od ids construction : id domination impost ab un folk alyims folks. Osterreich-Magyaria eet un conglomerat om divers nationalitats, submitten deutschims dynastia ed administration. Id Empire Russia eet un gigantesk multiethnic krig-ye unifien ed dwinegh-ye russifienum ensemble. Id Ottoman Empire eet un puzzle ex pipamrlanend folks. Hatta id baygh recento Deutsch Rig (creet in 1871) duskohl, sub sien federal structures, id suprematia Preussens uper alter Deutscha Stats.

It, hered iosmen awios romanios concept imperium bohndt ibs krigsweirs, id de notion empire se identifiet uni waurgforme, unitat esus impost, origin-ye, jabran. Itak biht retrohft, aun reference ad monarchia ni hatta cesar, in id concept os colonial empire.

Ex id XVIt do id XXt secules, Espania, Portugal, dind Nederland, England, France, Belgia hant viwaldhen immense extra-europay rewsa, in id druna om colonisationsdeursias baygh-ye comparable ibs roman krigs, id economic objective esend tem important quem ia strategic dasturs. Id end ios XIXt secule inventit id werd imperialisme kay kyuses tod hegemonia siyassa quod ne eiskwt restaure un aw aurdhen, sontern cree tienxia stieures. Id lexis vighehldt pro cada forme om influence ed economic ed financial suprematia quod sagvt spare ud se krig ed direct administration : itak buit bahn de "US imperialisme" in id XXt secule.

1897 theatral kip uns boi inter Britisch trupps ed mujihads ios Mahdi in Sudan. Ye sien apogee in 1922, id colonial empire ios Uniet Roydem compris oin penkdel ios tienxia population ed quasi oin quardel iom emergen lands.

Nundiens

Dwoter dwidel ios XXt secule hat vis id fin iom empires : veut monarchic empires, quanta dispariht pos Mund Weir Oin; colonial empires, dissolwt pos Mund Weir Dwo. Id Russian Empire, reskipen sub id forme ios Soviet Union, hat collaben ka senst in 1991. Sigwra trehcmos kye mier jamiyas om nations ed Stats, bet id imperial forme ed ids corollar, id directo domination oinios iom constituant folks, kwehke nuntos quantims inacceptable.

Kwe zaruri est sayge od imperialisme hat dispariht ? Tando sient existe differences om augos, opnos, gwitstandard inter lands, sibias om domination ed dependence se pancsient. Bet rhayr shayad emsient ia formes concretiht, in Historia, ab id millennar concept imperium.