Id Kerd (ex oraryo k^erd) est un kaul muscular mems, quod skeipt id central motor element ios sehrgkwehlen. Tod article tractet de id mensckerd.
Anatomia[]
Bil mensc, id kerd wehst in id levtermedyo deil ios thorax, inter bo pulmons. Swekwehrt id sehrgkwehlen in id corpos dank sien regular compagens. Id compone quar cavitats mathmounen in un vulbh : id pericardium : dwo auricules ed dwo ventricules, ieter auricule esend separet ud id enderlyehgend ventricule med ein valvule : dexi, id tricuspidal valvule, quod skeipe 3 valves; levi, id mitral valvule, quod skeipe dwo valves. Ia valves insernt-se ep id sten ios correspondant ventricule med rezga diehn ad muscular forstehlbens kalta stolbs.
Id dexter kerd, quod assocyet ia dexter auricule ed ventricule, est maimour med propulge id desoxygenet sehrg, unte id pulmonar downgmayk ed ids ozda do id hol badan (meger sehrgkwehlen).
Ia auricules dake id desoxygenen sehrg med ia inferior ed superior kaul veines, pro id dexter auricule, ed id oxygenen sehrg unte ia quar pulmonar veines pro id levter auricule. Ia auricules separet un tabique, id interauricular septum.
Ia ventricules yeise id sehrg do ia downgmayks. Id dexter, triangular ed pau teug, communiet con id pulmonar downgmayk, ud quod id pulmonar valvule separet id, quod skeipent tri sigmoid valves. Ia ventricules separet uno muscular tabique, id interventricular septum.
Id kerdsten comprindt tri 3 tuges : id encardium, quod covehnt id inner iom cavitats; id myocardium wa kerdmuscle; id pericardium, sorte os sacko quod perambht id kerd.
Physiologia[]
Ia coronars[]
Id brinegh os sehrg ei kermuscle est oiswekwohrt ab ia coronar downgmayks, qua starte ye id inkapemspart ios thoracic aorta. Id reiken ios veineus coronar sehrg est swekwohrt ab veines qua se jamiye kay skipes id coronar sinus, waustend in id dexter auricule.
Kerdbat frequence[]
Id veineuso sehrg arrivet do id dexter auricule unte ia kaul veines, dind penetret id dexter ventricule. Biht tun ejecen samt un frequence om takriban 70 pulsations pro minute kyid pulmonar downgmayk. Tod frequence est hoger bi magvens ed ditils (inter 110 & 120 pro minute). Ia men compagens sont kalt systoles, ia de periodes os slehmber au rahato diastoles. Id auricular systole preceddt id ventricular systole.
Pos oxygenation in ia pulmons, id sehrgo reict id kerd unte ia pulmonar veines. Id tun upersreut ex id levter auricule do id levter ventricule, dind biht ejecen do id downgmayken kwehlen med id aorta ed ids ozda.
Mecanisme iom compagens[]
Id kerd est un compagil mems : ids movs bihnt gohnen ed propagen dank quo est kalen id nodal tissue, quod ghehdt bihe comparen uni electric circuit. Tod comprindt id sinutrial node, eni id dexter auricule, quod controlt id kerdbat frequence, ed id auriculoventricular node, ye id samghat iom auricules ed ventricules ed prolongen kye bo ventricules med id atrioventricular fascicule ed ids aposcidds, qua permitte id upersrut ios influxios kya ventricules. Id functionment ios nodal tissue est influen ab id autonomo nerveuso systeme ed ia catecholamines.
Pathologia[]
Congenital malformations consiste khaliban schrehnkens (ios aorta, ios pulmonar downgmayk) au abnormal communications. Ia acquisihn kerdsiuges ghehde concerne ielg iom tri kerdsdeils : pericarditis, myocarditis ed endocarditis. Ta sensta heihnt besonters ia different valvular orifices ed duce do schrehnkens au insuffiences. Ia alterations iom coronar downgmayks sont ia coronaritis qua uperprehpe med crises os angina ed ghehde dughes kerdmusclinfarct.
Ia simplest chehxens sont id clinic endersok ios kerd med un stethoscope, id studye ios downgmayken pressem med un sphygmanometer ed id paursken iom different pulsen. Complementar chehxens sont electrocardiographia, ia rontgenchehxens, id ultraswonkerdskweiter, id holter-monitor ed scintigraphia.
Exter ia liekilaja, qua hant bilhassa progredden in id xeimen os kerd-reanimation, kerdsiuges brungent nundiens multa chirurgic interventions possibliht ab ia Techniques os extracorporal sehrgkwehlen. Quasi vasya congenital malformations ghehde nundiens bihe schifet med chirurgia. Id installation uns kerdensuwter hat bihn un current praxis, besonters in fall os Adams-Stokes syndrome ed permitt vergihes katel syncopes.
Id prevention om valvular cardiopathias buit transformet ab id dehsa prothesen. Ia kerden transplantes neti porgent chirurgic difficultats yed remane submitten ad immunproblemes os reject. Nespekent pauk successa, id artificial kerdo remant ye id experimental stadium. Id chirurgia om coronar downgmayks biht current-ye enovern.