Mandarinen Exostoria (Chinese : 儒林外史 ; pinyin : Rú lín wài shǐ) buit scriben ab Wu Jingzi (吴敬梓), un autor ios Qing dynastia (1701-1754). Khatem circum 1749-1750, unte Qianlongs regne. Quayque ids action jinkdout unte id Ming dynastia, id roman critiquet akster-ye ia rhalts unte id zaman os Wu Jingzi, besonters id imtihanensysteme, iens alims ed ia savanta mores unte id Qing dynastia. Id standardversion ios roman comprindt 56 capitels; sem serter au bragvyen versions omitte we modifient id senst capitel. Tod satiric ed realiste roman est uno moral ed social critique iom alims (儒林) : ir obsession dia klewos, recognition, ir hypocrisis, biaisa, betschi sem virtuteusi rjienbwutsi :
- Critique ios imtihanensysteme (科举制度) : id roman skaut kam maung id sohkwo po success in ia imtihans, po titule, po official amt, maghti corrumpes, humilye, groteskeiht. Academic prestige est ops tuich, keihnd ep flatterie, relations au falskwehks.
- Hypocrisis ed corruption iom alims : maung persons oiswehrnt logsa om virtut ed rliey, bet in ia facts sont grehdic, ambitieus, parat ad trudes alters, we ad renege ir conscience sei ghehdent.
- Virtuteusi rjienbwutsi ed confucian idealisme : in id roman sont admirable persons, qui incarne un forme os istikamat, au bariem om solidaritat, simplicitat, moral hidaya. Ti persons daughent ka contrapoint ei menegh im mediocren au hypocrites.
- Satiric style, psychologic realisme : Wu Jingzi uset ironia, satire, betschi sema meg precis portraits om smulk detayls os menscbuhsa. Id cadadien realisme, ia dialogsa, ia embarasses, ia desires, ia deceptions - to hol est meg mensclik.
- Moralitat ed nostalgia : nespekent id satire, est ops un nostalgia pro un certain simplicitat, pro classic confucian wirts (pietat, sinceritat, kienkiutat, id refuse os dimaar), bet ta virtuts bihnt enbalancen con id constatation od societato treudt we dusfomet ia.
Capitels 1-10:[]
Biht inkapt med un prelude (楔子) quod introduct iom rjienbwuts Wang Mian (王冕), un pauper, honeste ed simple alim, qui sagvt risses lotus. Is biht presentet kam un virtuteus model, in contraste binisbat maung alyens.
Dind alternet id narn inter plur storias : Zhou Jin (周进), un geront remanus kartoglan in sien studyes, dayim frustren, humilyen, qui vibiht hohlpen ab dukandars kay bihe inscript uni imtihan, etc. Prehptschi serter Fan Jin (范进) ka rjienbwuts ios obsession os academic success.
Ta prest capitels enscene id moral paytten iom lyter alims : humiliation, dimaar, id spect altern, comparation, id stand os perpetual intizar. Ies persons ja deikent contradictions : aspiration ad decos adv. realitat ios deuysen, paupertat.
Capitels 11-20:[]
Ia portraits bihnt profunderihn : maung secundar persons prehpe, quanti alims au aspirant alims. Oiki kamyabe, maungi ne. Ir social, familial gwit, ir ambitions, ir deuysens bihnti describen contraste-ye.
Id systeme om imtihans ed grades bihti diken ne tik-ye ka un promotionsvia, sontern unschi kapan : ia denarabuses, i fals prients, ia neprabh intizars, id obsession om kwehkia ed prestige.
Semschi moments os derision : ies candidats au imtihaners, ia literar concursa, ia ceremonias, to hol biht enscenet, ops gleituet quando realitat ne ops correspondt ia ideals.
Capitels 21-30:[]
Id satire intensifiet-se : mediocre persons dake hoga grades (med corruption au favoritisme), sem fidayi leuds qui se brehge, dusmizden sacrifices.
Ia familial tensions prehpent : kerabs, gvibhs, allieits, rivals - quanti bepreme iom alim in eys decisions (continue, tyehgve, se pehrne social-ye, tyehgve sien dasturs).
Biht vis idschi contraste inter tens quoy se contentent med un simple gwit, uno modeste rol, quoy refuse we khake accedde ia imtihans, ed tens pro quens hol articulet-se ambh id titule, klewos, denars.
Capitels 31-40:[]
Variata storias om alims bihnti naexploret : sonti storias om istirahats, desillusions, creativitat, betschi om hypocrisis, leugh, flatterie.
Sem persons exterkweite med ir moralitat au un coherence - toy rjienbwutsi daughent pro speh au critique. Id contraste est pregnanter inter tens quoy remane honeste, ed quoy ne sont it.
Biht khisst od id imtihansysteme ed id savant culture bunge un akster psychologic pressem : id paur om scham, paupertat, inutilitat.
Capitels 41-50:[]
Id roman continuet med meisa independent au semiindependent storias. Sem persons gerasce, alyi kwehke stagne.
Id moral khitert se revelet yaschi eni tens quoy kwehke virtuteus : sems compromittsient-se, sems obkwehcsient slab face id tentation om denars au magh.
Bihnt vis iaschi relations inter id alimclasse, id provincial societat, ia autoritats, ia local elites : ia maghconflicts, ia falskwehks, flatterie.
Capitels 51-56:[]
In ia senst capitels, ia meinyuns iom persons bihnt pagen : sems viobtene un titule, alyi remane ignoren, bet ops quo hassilent ne semper obkwehct ses quo ies wohlp.
Esti semo melankholia in id conclusion : ia illusions sont swinden, sogna stunde protie realitat. Id romano ne endt ye un grandiose weidos, sontern petis sinend-ye el leiser mimehne : quod esti druv wirt ? Est prestige semper virtuteus ? Quod maght mayne applie confucian ideals in un imperfect mund ?
Vasya storias ne bihnt clus ye nett weidos, quo kyunggiawt od maungs tom gwits om alims sont kwohrt ex aspirations, deuysens, compromissa, yando lyter sighs, ops deceptions.