Etymologia : ex Renaissance Latino medium aevum = "medium aiwo".
Definition: Renaissance, quod se iey ka id gehren os civilisation, pont id existence uns intermedyios aiwios inter Antiquitat ed seswo, yed id wekwos Mediev prohpit bad ye id XVIIIt secule. Secondo major sequence os historic periodisation, Mediev, dar meis quem Antiquitat, gwehmt ender un europay-mediomar vision os historia. Defineihnd id tusent yaren quod oistrehct ex id Vto do id XVt secule ios Christian era, id correspond neid specific in China ni in Hind menxu id skeipt, pro ia occidental ed muslim civilisations, id tid om emergence ed exspand.
Id barbar Occident (Vt-Xt secules)[]
Pos id pehden ios Imperium os Occident (476) id niter-antique civilisationo naevolvt in id Imperium os Orient, darintact. Punor in Occident, id deilen ios roman territorium ab i Germanic invasors duct jaldi uni general regression : ia Folkenmigrations ios Vt secule hant ruinet id economic opos; ia urbs bihnt amalan abandont ed id naud os Monete hat bihn exceptional. Ia exchanges esend quasi null, ielg mier agrent xeimen gwivt in autarkia, consummend quo id product. In un depopulen West Europe, forest hat rekrict immense surfaces. Ye id cultural nivell, nimeneti euct lises ed scribe, sonst oik members ios Christian cler. Latin se hat muhim-ye degradet ed vast regions bahnt neid meis quem Germanic bahsas. Dar-ye graver, ia technic sagvens bihnt vimyohrsen. Apart Espania, waldhen ab wisigoth roys, ed Italia, khvil-ye rekrigen ab iom cesar os Orient pre un ultim invasion, ye id VIto secule, prodaht id im Lombards, id Occident reict conditions nieb qua id gnohsit 500 yars prever, pre id Roman Imperium.
Id permanent politic disaurdhen auct id confusion. Gallia buit quasi reoiniht, circum 500, ab iom Franko Clovis; bet id Germanic reul esend id deilen ios rig inter iens sons ios roy, eysi successors (i Merovechings) wiweighent protie mutu pre linkwes quo restet ex id waldh ei "amirbar", poti'm royal khadims.
Sildbwr denar samt kip os Charlemagne, ex ia yars 812-814; id buksteiv "M" (bundi) deict tod pieng buit pregen in Mainz, nundiens in Deutschland. Charlemagne (in Latin Karolus Magnus = "Charles is Megil"; in Deutsch : Karl der Grösse; gnaht mukhtmel in 747 au 748; mohrto dien 28 Januar 814 in Aachen) buit ex 768 do 814 Roy ios Frankisch Rig (tiel 771 in commun con sien brater Carloman). Is diek dien 25 December 800 ka prest europay wanak pon id Antiquitat id cesardecos, buit-yod it udnot con iom. Napter os amirbar Charles Martel, is buit is importantsto souverain ios caroling dynastia. Sub eys regne niek id Frankenrig sieno mierst extension ed augos.
Id caroling "renaissance"[]
Menxu ia Christian communitats - organisen besonters-ye sekwent id reul pact in Italia, in 520, ab Saint Bendict - tente local-ye salve quo etileikwt ex id antique culture, idsmee Kyrk, ye id VIIIt secule, vaht aurghe un restausa. Conscient ia nov menaces - id muslim krig hat just rohven Espania ex christiandem -, id sehgnet de restaure id Imperium quos disparition id ne hat acceptet.
Po uno militar hehlpo bright ei Papp tohrgen ab i Lombards, id Kyrk legitimet id uperwaldhen os amirbar Pepin iom Bragv, qui, in 751, hat just-ye dethront pro sien brungos, in Gallia, iom sensto meroving roy. Id dar meis-ye stehmt id action os eys son Charlemagne qui, ex 768 do 795, reoineiht jabran id Occident ed inkapt swaurghe i Muslims ex Espania. Ye Natal 800, is Papp cront, in Rome, Charlemagne ka cesar os Occident.
Ies successors os Charlemagne, ies Carolings, nient kamyabe id unitat uns imperium pior mierios pro ia zariyas behandet ye id IXt secule. Med id traiteit os Verdun, in 843, Charlemagnes napters deile id territorium do tri rigs qua prefigure ia futur Europay Stats : westi : France; eusti : Deutschland; inter bo, un ephemer rig, Lotharingia, quetos gnahsient ia moderne Nederland, Belgia, Luxembourg, Schweiz ed Italia.
Nov invasions - magyari reiders ex id Danube plain, Viking pirates gwehmend per mar ex Scandinavia - som harbe id reconstructionsenderghenden quod Charlemagne hieb ornuwt med id stehmen ios Kyrk. Ye id Xt secule, face ia carences ios royal waldh, defense organiset-se local-ye, ambh drautings, preparend id enplacen os feudalisme, quos organisationo marct id end os Uber Mediev.
Id caroling restauration lakin ne proe-est vain ye id cultural nivell. Quo id Kyrk hat suwen ye Charlemagnes tid waust in uno modeste bet real regnahsa os intellectual activitat. Id reiken uns correct latin, id kauric redaction om kawus, id artistic sbeuden, tant in architecture quem in ornamentation, sont ia prest kwekmors uns regumt os civilisation. Albatta, tik id meg angho milieu ios adib cler est concernt; albatta, ies caroling artistes remane inspiren ab ia models ios roman loikwn au ios megil samzaman creative centre quod est Constantinople. Bet ia perodhias tos prist nient bihe lust ed, pos ia difficultats ed keungens ios Xt secule, reprehpsient unte id megil romanc exspand ios XIt secule.
Kip (circum 1484) os un scene ios Castillon boi in 1453. Tod boi buit id senst ios Centwetsen Weir, quod ee-opponneut England ed France pon 1337, ob dynastic rivalitats ed id fact od ies roys os England eent swamens om maung territoria in quo est nundiens West-France. Id Castillon boi (in Guyenne, Sudwest France) muss ye id sam yar quem id prise os Constantinople ab i Tyrks; itak tod wetos est ops ayn id symbolic fintarikhe os Mediev. Unte tod boi ia canons ios franceois strateg Jean Bureau ieg un decisive rol; buit eti oino iom prest kers kun artillerie ne buit nuden tik pro un siege, sontern ep un walu. Itak id franceois heir lus tik centen yeudmen menxu id englisch lus takriban 4000. Tod scene deict John Talbot (levi), iom commander iom englisch trupps, vurnt ed sa-nehcend ep eys maurk nicen ab un ghioulee. Pos tod boi, England gwup tik id urb Calais ep id Europay dayluk.
Niter Mediev (XIt-XVt secules)[]
Acceddend autonomia circum anno 1000, id occidental civilisation se affirmet unte Niter Mediev. Ta originalitat ed oistauneihndo maestria sont schahidet ab ia romanc ed gothic arts. Toschi est weitwodden ab id regnahsa uns literature ed uns reflexion qua vahnt focuse, ab id XIIIt secule, in ia "universitats". Ye id sam tid, in England, in France, id restausa ios royal waldh vistopt ia feudal dreupen ed disaurdhen. Tod dynamisme os Occident concretasct med id aventure iom cruceades, deursia ka swaurge ed rekriges islami lands quod, quayque id deuyst id Orient, kamyapt recupere Espania.
Tod exspand os Occident contrastet con id lento decline ios Rhomay Imperium, quod iswo Occidentals lyt meis-ye slabereihnt kun dirabent Constantinople in 1204. Id prise tos urb ab i muslim Tyrks in 1453, ed id disparition ios veut imperium sessient ayt serter ka markend id fin os Mediev.
In fact, id intellectual fecunditat osItalia ye id XVt secule, id Era iom maritim Aunstehgens ab i Portugheschens ed Espaniols, id invention os druckerie sont determinanter factors kay mehlde id change ed id emergence os modernitat.