NATO

Id NATO yani Nord Atlantic Traiteit Organisation, yaschi kalt id Nord Atlantic Alliance, est un intergouvernemental militar organisation baset ep id Nord Atlantic Traiteit quod buit signet dien 4 Aprile 1949. Id organisation skeipt un systeme os collective defense quosmed ids memberstats samstehme de defende mutu ka response uni attaque ab cada extos partie. Id NATO chefquartier wehst in Casteau, nieb Mons, Belgia, quer iscchi Supreme Allieit Commander in Europe (SACEUR) residt. Id NATO jamiyet 32 memberstats unte Nord America ed Europe, quom novst esti Sveden, joinus dien 7 Marto 2024. Id combinen militar masrafo vasyen NATO members oiskeipt meis quem 57% ios tienxia total in 2022. Id defense masraf iom members est suppost mikdare 2% irios Brutto InlandsProduct in 2024.

Territorium iom NATO Memberstats ab dien 7 Marto 2024. Sekwent Article 5 ios Nord Atlantic Traiteit, ta Stats homologhe defende mutu sei oin ex ia biht attaquet. Article 6 tos Traiteit precidt leitti de id territorium iom Memberstats in Nord America au in Europe, id territorium Tyrkias au de ia insules sub id souverainitat tom Stats ios Atlantic Oceanios norder quem id Tropic ios Cancer, tem quem ia vecels ed airnavs tom Stats in Mediomar au id sam zone ios Atlantic Ocean.

Id contexte ios creation ios NATO

In 1948, id danger an Deutschland vaht age iter un aggressionsiyassa hat disprohpen; biht tayn ab uno menace os communiste expansion, sensiblihn ab id Praha coup-d'état (Februar 1948) ed id Berlin blockade (Juno 1948).

Id organisation iod defense os Westeurope buit in-kap-ye pur-ye europay : signature ios Bruxelles traiteit, dien 17 Mart 1948 inter France, id Uniet Roydem, ed ia tri Benelux Stats. Bet ia Uniet Stats os America ghabe od dehlgent hehlpe id defense os Europe (Vandenberg resolution votet dien 11 Juno 1948 ab id Senat); id Atlantic Pact sessiet signen dien 4 Aprile 1949.

Id NATO flago consist uno maurblou camp samt un albh windrose gnohmen ed quar albha lignes erkwnda do ielgo cardinal direction. Est id flag ios Organisation pon dien 14 October 1953. Id men blou color symboliset id Atlantic Ocean, id de circule id unitat.

Id franceois oisgumt ex id NATO in 1966

Kehnsend od id integration iren silahs impos ibs Memberstats sem obligations ed riska udleitend inutil-ye ta resultend ex id Atlantic Pact, id franceois gouvernement hat gnopiht in Mart 1966 id sgwehmiet ex id militar organisation yed sammel remaniet member ios Atlantic Alliance.

Sekwos to, ia militar commandes implantet in France ed id sedd ios Atlantic Concil buir transfern do Belgia.

Mark Rutte (gnaht in Den Haag in 1967) est un Nederlands politician. Pon dien 1st October 2024 est is NATO General-Secretar. Prever eet is pon dien 14 October 2010 tiel dien 2 Jul 2024 minister-president Nederlands ed minister iom Gospoti Res ed buit it is diust amtirend waldhion in id Historia Nederlands.

Id de facto saul major militar organisation pro Europe

Id NATO hat supplanted ia strict-ye europay securitatsorganisations. Id Westeuropay Union (WEO) hieb gnahn in 1954 ex id transformation ios West Union Defense Organisation (WU) creet ab id Bruxelles Traiteit os 1948 kay permitte id adhesion os Italia ed ios Federal Respublic Deutschland quom rearmament ia Uniet Stats kup. Menxu id WU previs un defense "in fall os rinkapem ios deutsch aggressionsiyassa", id WEO eet diregen implicit-ye contra id USSR. Ia Paris playcts os 1954 hant permiss : un bwukicooperaton, id extension ios WU traiteit ed id recommendation ios admission ios FRD do id NATO, id restabliement ios FRD souverainitat, id homologhia ios FRD om mae iskwes id reoinascen gvalt-ye ed mae produce certain armes, id homologhia im Britisch os mantines certain divisions ep id continent.

Speit un teug structure, id WEO hat agen un baygh limiten rol ob id unanimitat reul ed ia reticences ios Uniet Roydem. Id buit lakin jaldi supplantet ob vasya organs instauren eni id quader ios NATO ed buit dissolwto dien 30 Jun 2011.

Is Nederlands Lieutenant-Admiral Rob Bauer (gnaht in 1962 in Amsterdam) est pon dien 25 Jun 2021 is Perodhsedd ios NATO Militar Comitee. Is buit Commandant ios Nederlands askar inter 2017 ed 2021.

Id fin ios Varschava Pact

Ia consequences ep id NATO ios dissolution ios Varschava Pact buir muhim. Concluden dien 14 Aprile 1955 ab id USSR, Bulgaria, Chekhslovakia, Polska, Magyaria, Romuneia, id DDR ed Schkiperia quod hieb salgen id in 1968, id Pact eet un replic tos ios NATO. Id id praxis, id hiebit permiss un baygh avancen militar ed politic integration ye Moskvas brungos quod nud id organisation kay regnihes aurdhen in ia memberstats. Pos id disintegration ios Eustblock in 1991, un Nord Atlantic Cooperation Concil biht establien kay sammel ia NATO members ed ta ios prever Varschava Pact. Bihsiet id Euro-Atlantic Partnerspect Concil (EAPC) in 1997. In 1994, menxu biht enplacen un "Mediomar Dialogos" con Misr, Israel, Jordania, Mauritania, Marok, Tunisia, dind Algeria in 2000, un Partnerspect pro Pace biht concepen kay hehlpe id restructuration iom askars iom participant lands. Jamiyend tuntos 22 Stats tiel Central Asia, tod partnerspecto dehlct permitte ibs participle ia NATO sulkhbania operations. Uno NATO-Russia Concil ed uno NATO-Ukraine Commission buir kathalika instauren. Bet, pon id Kosovo weir in 1999, bila convergences om vids inter ia partners, tod partnerspect ed ia NATO militar ammerstructures bihneunt ignoret we marginaliset ye id brungos informalen directoria kalen "Contact Grupps"; sekwent id formule os Paul Wolfowitz, tun US Nayib Secretar os Defense, "id mission bestehmt id coalition".

Is US heir general Christopher G.Cavoli est is Supreme Allieit Commander in Europe (SACEUR) pon dien 4 Jul 2022, qui ammert id meger NATO strategic commande. Est isschi sirdar ios US askar in Europe pon dien 1sto Jun 2022. Tod NATO bungos hat esen semper xihn ab un US officier.

Ia NATO structures

- Civil organs : Id Atlantic Concil, supreme organ composen ex i representers vasyen Memberstats, samghatneut pon 1952, ielg hevd ye id nivell im permanent representers, ed dwis au tris ielg yar, ye id nivell im ministern iom Gospoti Res, hamrahn yando ab i ministers os Defense; semquando, id samghat ye id nivell im raysen au gouvernementchefs ("NATO Sommetts"); est perodhseddneun, pon 1952, ab un secretar-general.

- Militar organisms : Id deliberant organ est id Militar Comitee, skipt ab iens Schtabchefs iom Memberstats, quod buit transfern ex Washington do Bruxelles in 1966; France reintegrit id in 1996. Id importantst commande est is SACEUR quos schtab est id SHAPE (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe). Quayque hant gwupt ira prever nams, bo sont pon 2003 competent pro NATO operations hatta exter Europe.

Is franceois admiral Pierre Vandier est is Supreme Allieit Commander pro id Transformation ios NATO pon dien 23 September 2024. Is buit is schtabchef ios Franceois Marine ex 2020 do 2023 ed nakhoda ios plavbehr Charles de Gaulle ex 2013 do 2015.

Official rol ios NATO

Ye id nivell os defense, id traiteit creet un obligation os mutual garantie pro id fall quer id territorium iom Memberstats esiet object uns aggression. Tod garantie (Art. 5 ios traiteit) buit invoquet symbolic-ye ab id NATO kay sigwre sien solidaritat con ia Uniet Stats pos ia terroriste attentats ios 11 September 2001. Bet creend-ye unifien commandes (1950) ed affectend-ye ibs ia askars iom memberlands (1954), id Atlantic Concil hat post ia bases uns druv integration.

Exter id NATO zone, id Organisation trendt stets meis swekwehre id mantein om pace ed stabilitat in Europe. Ye tod titule hat id oistohmto med airplags id UNO action in Herceg-Bosna ed id buit maimourihn ab ia Dayton playcts os November 1995 med installe ter un silah em 60 000 yeudmens, id IFOR, bihn, pos reduction om ids effectives, id SFOR kay swekwehre ter id reteulgen os pace. Fin-ye hat id NATO maimourasct med un police operation permittus, pos 78 diens om intensive airplags (23 Mart - 10 Juno 1999) impones ei Yugoslav gouvernement os Milošević un status os large autonomia ad Kosovo ed introduce tetro, sub sien commande, un force em meis quem 50 000 yeudmens.

Vasya NATO unitats dependent Memberstats ploisko dwo qua ei sont direct-ye necten. Meger est id NATO Airbohrn Aus Warnen ed Control Force (NAEWC) quod comprindt khaliban 16 AWACS Boeing E-3 Sentry radar-plavs. Bi practic sababs, ta plavs sont registern in Luxembourg, memberstat aun wi air force.

Id Ukraine Weir

Pre ed unte id 2022 Russian invasion os Ukraine, plur NATO Stats yis landtrupps, weirnavs ed wighplavs kay kardwne id eustflank ios alliance, ed multa lands iter invoqueer Article 4 ios Traiteit. In Marto 2022, i NATO wanaks samghiet in Bruxelles pro un extraordinar sommett ed samstohm establie quar additional boigrupps in Bulgaria, Magyaria, Romuneia ed Slovakia, ed elements ios NATO Reaction Force buir activen ye id prest ker ios historia ios organisation.

Ab Jun 2022, id NATO hieb wohngen 40 000 yeudmens engwn sien 2500 km-long eustflanko kay dissuade Russia ud aggredde. Meis quem id dwidel tos numer hat desployn in Bulgaria, Romuneia, Magyaria, Slovakia ed Polska, ed ia armees tom penk lands mikdarnti 259 000 yeudmens. Kay stehme id Bulgar Air Force, Espania yis Eurofighter Typhoons, Nederland oct F-35 wighplavs, ed additional Franceois ed US wighplavs arriveer kathalika.