Id muassir mund ananct mult realitats (geopolitic crises, europay construction, economic Globalisation) qua interveneihnt id notion Occident (ex latin occidens = "eurehpend (sol)" = "west"). Yed, quayque present kam un wedmark in ia problemes nosters tid, tod notion remant flau. Est ob kyeust ne tik un geographic realitat, id West os weicmen, un datum quod esiet fruit os random ed skeipiet id vis-a-vis os Orient. Occident est uno mentconstructo quod ghehdt ses kerno kneigvend-ye ef Historia. Tod configuret un civilisation ed un culture quer i mensci decide ir sibias inter se ed con ir ambient. Tod determination est eti bertor om universal traits. Id schematic definition os Occident duct ad penkwe cleich-moments, quaschi sont ia etapes os ids historia.
Roman copie ias "Aphrodite Knidios" ab Praxiteles (4t secule pre JC). Tod est sigwra id prest kip uns alnos nogwias gwen; nekam alter samzaman folks, i Hellens ne fikernt ir Divs ka Animal hybrids, sontern ka habend uno menscapparence. In tod fall, iawert curtisane Phryne posit pro Praxiteles kay kipes iam hellen Div os Liubh. Sekwent iom philosoph Protagoras : Πάντων χρημάτων μέτρον ἐστὶν ἄνθρωπος = "Quanten jecten meid est el mensc".
Id hellen inkapem[]
Ye id VIIIim secule pre JC, menscgenos construct un nov realitat : id hellen citad. Tod ananct six kwekmors sekwent Jean-Pierre Vernant : crise os souverainitat, apparition uns public rewos, promotion om wekwos ed aum, egalitat face id loy, metamorphose os Religion, enderkweiten os Nature ud ia menscenconventions. Ta kwekmors sont dehtora pro Occident.
Ta innovations rumpe con ia prever societatsmodels. Instaurent id dastur os gouvernement per loy sekwent-yod el civ skeult tik obedihes un anonym, quantims egal prabhil. Bestehment un civic forme quod behrt id dastur os Individualo lure. Id evolution ios citad awien ka conventionensysteme encouragit id progress os scientific rationalitat. Tod scientific menos, in Mathematique, astronomia, philosophia, etc, dwigh-se ed, con id, id scol ka talimsinstitution. Occident obehlt ad Hellad sien gust pro science ed ids promotion.
Imitation ios prestios table ios Leg iom XII Tablen (- 450), scriben ieus kay swekwehre justice. Quan ir Imperium se extens alyims civilisations, ies Romans dohlg antplehce un abstracto diksscience, base om nies moderne systemes.
Id roman brinegh[]
Quayque hant recogniht id rol os loy, i Hellens ne hant profunderiht id construction os ieus. Senter bihsiet tawrlient ab iens romanens magistrats ed jurisconsults. Med sien krigs, Rome hat bihn un pluriethnic imperium. Un universal ieus ed un abstracto dikswerdskaut tohrbeer bihe invent. Tod wehrg os dikscreation buit pregen ab stoiciste philosophia. Tod, forgend-ye un theoria os cosmopolitisme, stohm id dayi uns identic ed universal menscbuhsa. Uno natural loy present in cada menscem commandet ia positive loys. Un civil ieus emerct in Rome, ed formet id sockel iom moderne occidental ieusen. Ies Romans construge unschi privat ieus quod defineiht vetat. Tod coincidt con id kaur om Romes arts ed literature de promove id notion es individual mensc person. Id ego biht bespohcen. Roman statues neti sont auntaragh masks; sont portraits. In Rome ambhreisst-se occidental Humanisme.
Swod Saint Jerome, is (fictice) alchemiste Christian Rosenkreutz mimehnt de mohrt ed so daumt kweter weida ghehdt kanrienihes tod ineluctabilitat.
Biblic Moralitat ed eschatologia[]
Ia hellen ed romano moralitats, plena med serenitat, hant ka focus id notion virtut. Id Bible vaht dahe attention ad menscen gvol ed bemehne id scandal os khitert. Id seult uno moralitat quer tongjon ed liubho bihnt ia cleich-werds. To biht hamraht ab un udnoven vision os wakt, quod oistopt ses un abadic reiken kay bihe un perodh tension. Yudi-christianisme bestehmt un beghspace menscgenos, quod woid id est marct ab synt ed un aunfin dulg. Id spreuft wakto ka uno naudhmeiwrnto pro jidale contra khitert ed sutes menscen gvols. Id wakt est id menscen historia, un wakto transformet ab action. Ex id biblic surce siet Occident exhause sien activisme.
Eve ab Lucas Cranach Senior, 1528. Sekwent id Genesis "In-kap", Capitel 2 : 16.IHVH-Adonay Elohîms wehlt iom glebeuso saygend-ye:“Ex quanto dru ios garden, eddsies, eddsies,17.bet ex id dru ios gnohsa om sell ed khiter,nies edde,ya, ye id dien kun eddsies ex id, nehcsies, nehcsies.”; Capitel 3 : 1.Snohgos eet nogwo,meis quem quant gwiv ios pold quod IHVH-Adonay Elohîms hieb kwohrn.Is sieyg ay gwen: “Katha hat saygen Elohîms: Yu niete edde ex cada dru ios garden>...”2.Ia gwen sieyg Snohgi :« Eddsiemos ia ievs iom drus ios garden,3. bet ex id iev ios dru ios medio ios garden, Elohîms hat saygen:< Yu niete edde ex id, yu niete touche id,ibo nehce>. »4.Snohgo sieyg ay gwen :« No, yu niete nehce, yu niete nehce,5.Elohîms ghi woid od ab id dien kun yu eddsiete ex idvies okwi se dissgillsient ed yu sessiete kam Elohîms,gnohnd sell ed khiter. »6.Ia gwen vidt id dru est suaessu,ya, lecker pro ia okwi,vidhabskwet, id dru, kay okuspohcihes.Ia ghendt ex ids iev ed eddt.Ia daht exschi id sieni wir con iam ed is eddt.
Id europay raison ex id XIt do id XIIIt secule[]
Yant id XIt secule, id Kyrk buit id galionsfigure uns revolution quod adduxit id reorganisation os europay societat. Tod change buit preter un reaction ios pappdem face id crise gwiwt ab Europe ye id fin os Uber Mediev. Lit de "christianise" roman ieus ed de "juridicihes" christiano moralitat. Ieusscols ed facultats om "arts" (quer eent doct ia sciences os Antiquitat) buir creen. Tod seuwen gwohmex moral theologia ed ex ids mitht vision os menscenmeinyun : tel dehlct transforme id mund kay id buwes Christ-wirtic. Id spirit ios tid est niwirtes action ed aunstehme passive attitude. Menscbuhsa buit salven ab iom Christ. Id est sell, hatta in sien simplest acts. Medieval Europe stehmt politic, juridic, intellectual ed economic activism. Id kwaht furkano ka un rational enderghenden. Use raison biht un saker dohlg. Ziel est antplehce vasya zariyas os menscraison kay realise ia ethic ideals ios Bible. Rationalitat sessiet spruven in id continuation os roman ieus ed os hellen science. Id europay civilisation sessiet id synthese inter Athenas, Rome ed Jerusalem. Id intellectual udnoven os Europe deulct maung ibs scientific contributions iom Arabs, yed id dahsit un aunpreceddentwehrtmen ibs weidas ex id prev.
Id Statue as Libertat oistaut ant id port os New York, Uniet Stats os America. Tod cuper monument est un hadia os France ibs USA ka commemore iro prientia unte id American Revolution ed buit elaboret ab Frédéric A. Bartholdi, pre bihe inauguret in 1886. Id pianji quod Libertas (Roman div os lure) dehrjt in sien levter hand behrt id tarikhe ios US Declaration os Independence : 4 Jul 1776.
Ia liberal democratias[]
Id europay XVIt secule marct id inkapem iom reformator puscen. Ta hant ka focus id mutalba os lure in tri privilegen xeimens : culture, politique ed Economia. Europe product doctrines ed praxis os defense os religieus tolerance, os pluralisme in sciences, talim, presse. Ia Lumens riawdalse un programme quos germens eent diutos bohrt ab Occident. In politique, id defense os lure wardht in id adgumt os democratia. Tod kweit med id pluralisme iom proceddures os taukile im gouvernants ed os decision. Ye quasi-simultan weidos in ia lands qua skeipe nundiens Occident, ia social elites hant prefert un pluralisme muadeb dia ia individual opinions anter quem Absolutisme ed dictature. To impliet id dessacralisation os magh. Statsmensci ne poitte pretende xihes ver ni sell. Id politic re gwehmt ender id temporal, ne id spiritual. Id project os age ep id mund kup id transformation iom materialconditions os gwit satisfacend-ye ia wans os menscgenos. To buit id ziel ios Mercatseconomia quos prest eiskwen est moral. Tod model keiht ep id dayi os economic lure. Est nundiens id staursto sutwrnt os Occident, esdi quando biht fragilihn. Occident est fruit uns cultural morphogenesis. Sei ids complete forme wehst in ia societats os West Europe ed Nord America, sems idsen formes existe alyer, hatta in id arab-muslim mund. Tod universalitat senideht Occident.