Id Rhomay Imperium (Latin : Imperium Romanum / Romania, Hellen : Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων / Ῥωμανία); buit id continuation ios Eust Roman Imperium. In 285, id Roman Imperium buit dividen ye id prest ker, kay facilihes idsa defense ed gouvernement. In 330, id urbo Byzantium mutaniem do Constantinople ed dieugh tuntos ka nagor; itak, westi, tod empire buit kalt "Empire os Byzantium". Pos 395, neti buit oin sam cesar pro id hol Roman Imperium, quos wester deil disparihsit in 476. Constantinople buit occupen ab i Cruceits inter 1204 ed 1261, yed Rhomay souverainitat subsistit ep alya territoria. Id Imperium official-ye finihsit in 1453 (prise os Constantinople) bet Rhomay peurstdems nadureer tiel 1461 (Trapezunta, nundiens in Nord Tyrkia) ed 1475 (Theodoro wa Gothia in Kirime).
Ye sien senst apogee periode in 1025, id Imperium hieb circa 12 millions weikern. Ids official bahsa buit Latin tiel id adgumt os Heraclius in 610, kun Hellen - quod eet id majoritar bahsa ios population - tiey id. (herender, map ios Imperium in 1025)
Id Roman Imperium os Orient[]
In 395, ye id daunet os Cesar Theodosius, id Roman Imperium buit definitive-ye scidden do dwo parts, ia imperia os Occident ed os Orient. Preter, victim iom barbar Folkenmigrations, dispareiht quasi fauran, in 476. Dwoter vaht dure unte meis quem 1000 yars, tiel 1453. Quayque sigwrt ses, tiel id fin, "roman", id Rhomay Imperium bihsit baygh oku, territorial-ye, un hellen imperium. Pos ia invasions, Cesar Justinian (527-565) hieb albatta tentet reconstruge id roman unitato chassend-ye i Barbars ex Occident : is hieb repriden Italia ex i Gothens ed rekrigen Nord Africa ex i Vandales. Bet, ye id VIIt secule, id apparition os Islam ed ia meteoric arab krigs rohv Suria, Palestine, Misr, Nord Africa ex i Rhomays; oin secule serter, Italia volvit do Charlesmagnes Empire. Id Rhomay Imperium eet definitive-ye reducen do sien hellen provinces : ja diutos, leuds bahr tik tod bahsa ed is cesar hiebit bihn is βασιλεύς (in hellen : roy).
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Portrait, ex uno mosayic ios basilic San Vitale in Ravenna, Italia, os cesar Justinian 1st (Latin : Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus; Hellen : Φλάβιος Πέτρος Σαββάτιος Ἰουστινιανός; 482-565). Kad is buit is senst Rhomay Cesar qui hieb Latin ka materbahsa.
Orthodoxo "cesarpappisme"[]
Skapus ia Folkenmigrations, id Rhomay Imperium continuet, ye id politic nivell, id Roman Stat os Niter Antiquitat. Is cesar deulct sien augos ei fact od est is vicar ios Christ, investihn dighomi med divin omnipotence, ed quanto ei est enderdehn, hatta id Kyrk. Tant quem doctrine faydhs, tod dastur hat gohnen id schisme (ex hellen σχίσμα ="separation"), quod vaht dissocye id Kyrk os Orient (Orthodoxo Kyrk) ex id Kyrk os Occident (Catholic Kyrk). Seighi is patriarch os Constantinople acceptit ses submitten ei Cesar, is papp os Rome affirmit ses independent ud id civil magh, eti sems clameer ses superior ibs roys. Id rupture, inkapen yant id VIIIim secule, bihsit definitive in 1054. Obschi is Rhomay cesar cumulet in sien person politic ed religieus autoritat - quo est namto "cesaropappisme" - hant ia doctrinal controversies tant impagen ia public res. Also, ex 754 do 867, id "Iconomachie" - kwe un Christian poitt au ne yazge un pigen au sculpen kip ios Divitat ? - hat grave-ye taraghen id politic gwit, provoquend assassinats, coups-d'etats ed usurpations.
El dwicap ornd, yed naiwo nudt ep un flag, buit ops id gnohmen ios sertios Rhomay Imperium, besonters ios Palayologios Dynastia, ios senstios dynastia quod regnit ep id Imperium ex 1261 do 1453. Tod mural behrt id tuvra im Palayologen. Id dwicap symbolisit od id Rhomay Imperium sigwrit ses successor om bo Roman imperia (Orient & Occident). Tod motif buit emen tsay ab Orthodoxa Stats (Serbia, Russia) ed ab id Saint Empire.
Difficil relations con id latin Occident[]
Factor om incomprehension ed animositat, id reciproc religieus intransagence inter hellen orthodoxens ed roman catholics buit meg vierdnic ei Rhomay Imperium. Hat difficilihn ed nasukihn id alliance quod kwohk lakin-ye natural face id muslim perile, bilhassa kun senter, ab id XIt secule, wierdhit do id tyrk waurg baygh dangereus dia id Imperium. Tod sam intransagence dieugh ka pretexte quando, in 1204, i Venezians hant diswohrtto pro ir economic interesses id quarto cruceade kye Constantinople, priden ed plunder ab iens occidental ritters. Id Rhomay Imperium, quod hieb retrohven stieure ed dynamisme ye ia Xt ed XIto secules, naiwo ganisit ex tod disaster.
Ex id XIIIt do id XVt secule, id historia ios Imperyios est tod uns agonia. Lyt ed lyt, i Ottoman Tyrks progredde ed reduce id rhomay territorium do ses ne meis quem Constantinoples peripheria. In 1453, ye id termin uns dramatic siege, sultano Mehmed II lambhent id urb ed is sensto cesar, Constantinus XI, nehct webenghesor. Id muslim Ottoman Empire tayt id veut hellen imperium : duresiet tiel 1923.
Haghia Sophia est un kyrk os Constantinople quod buit consecren in 537 ab Justinian. Eet seddos ios Orthodox Patriarchat os Constantinople. Mult Rhomay cesars buir cront ant id altar ios temple. Pos id prise os Constantinople in 1453, ies Ottomans transformeer id do masjid, ed in 1934, is tyrko president Atatürk id buw uno museium.
Id Rhomay cultural brinegh[]
Id magno rolo ios Rhomay Imperyos lyehct in druve ye id cultural nivell. Ab id heritage os Niter Antiquitat, id Rhomay Imperium hat construgen un original civilisation, id importantst hem pro cultural creation in id christiano Mediev tiel id sbeuden os Occident, ye id XIIt secule. Uperwehrtskwndum do artistic expression id Christian ideal, id hat creen id coupelkyrk, quos archetype est Haghia Sophia os Constantinople, construgen inter 532 ed 537. Relative-ye austere extos, sumputueus-ye decoren eni med mosayics ed affrescos, est un allegoria ios mund ed al mensc, qual druv rey dehlct ses in id atmen, ne in ia exter apparences. In Italia, ye id sam zaman, Justinian edificeiht id basilic San Vitale os Ravenna, maschour ob ids mural mosayics.
Unte ia obscure secules os Uber Mediev, rhomay art hat est, pro un Occident in plen cultural regression, un reservuar om models trohven tem ye ia raudhs ios caroling "renaissance" quem ta multen creations os Romanc Art, tant in architecture quem in pingen ed sculpture. Serter, se inspirend-ye ex ia rhomay icons hant ies Italian artistes iom XIIIt ed XIVt secules preparet id decisive emergence os europay pingen.
Fin-ye, wawod id Rhomay Imperium hiebit prolongen aun brehg id civilisation os Antiquitat ed salvguarden uno mier part od ids heritage, per id hant ies humanistes ios XVt secule bignohn ia tienjien textes iom hellen ed roman autors. Quando, in 1453, ies hellen mualims feugend Constantinople, do quod ies Tyrks inmarcheer, hant brighto do Italia ia precious awa kawus, quando hant gnopiht ia products uns reflexion id Occident hieb diu ignoren, hant daht id signal, aun aume to, os Renaissance. Id khabd iom Italian alims ios XVIt secule pro Platon ed Platonisme khact bihe comprehens aun bespehce id aunstehgen os rhomay philosophia : un solid platoniste tradition hieb remant gwiv in Constantinople.