Ia Uniet Stats os America sont un Federal Stat, compost ab Memberstats, - ia federata Stats - ex-ya ielg hat un Constitution ed sien politic organs. Id superioritat ios Constitution uper leg esti sanken ab id judicial magh ye-yos topp wehst id Supreme Curt (efficient control ios constitutionalitat iom legs) biht-yei yando mambht age un pior important politic rol ("gouvernement im judcen")
Id executive[]
Est betrusen uni president elegen pro 4 yars med id universal suffrage (ed relectible oins) : i civs vote pro presidential electors (ielg Stat behandt uno numer em presidential electors egal ei numer sedden representern plus senatorn id xeiht) qui hant homologhen vote auter pro el candidat propost ab id democrat partise au pro el candidat propost ab id respublican partise (candidats alyen partisen naiw obtene kafi suffrages pro bihe elect, mathalan M.Anderson 7% in 1980). In praxis, quasi semper, hol jinkdout kamsei el president bihiet elegen med direct universal suffrage. Wakyet lakin od el candidat quoter hat obtent id hoger numer stehmen obtent uno numer presidentialen electorn ender tod siens concurrent. To buit id fall in 2000 (success os George W.Bush, respublican face Al Gore, democrat), ed iter 2016 kun Hillary Clinton buit baten ab Donald Trump quayque obtenus 2 millions om stehms meis quem so.
Id kyeusen irs candidat ab ia politic partises oiskeipt schowi in druve preter phase ios presidential campagne. Ieter partise kyeust prest pro ielg Stat sien delegeits - sekwent id systeme iom caucus (cheus ab un comitee ios partise) au iom primars (kyeusen ab i voters). Dind i elegeits samghatent do un "Convention" kay chuses i candidats ios partise ei presidence ed ei vice-presidence.
El president est assist ab un vice-president elect sammel quem el quoter tayt el in fall os vacance ed perodhseddt id Senat kun, in fall os empat, elso stehm swekwehrt id decision (quo est id fall pon 2021).
El president cheusti sienens ministers (secretars) qui dependent tik el de ia meger options. Tik el President decidt, pos mayno sienen personal radhern au (ed) im secretarn.
Dien 1sto Jul 2024, id Supreme Curt hat rulen od el president brunct un judicial immunitat pro ia official acts parkwohrt unte sien bungsa, un absolut immunitato dayir their core constitutional purview ed un immunitatspresumption in id xeimen quer el smyehrt id autoritat con id Congress.
Id Parlament (Congress) ed idsa sibias con el President[]
Dwomajlis systeme :
- Id Majlis im Representern : 435 members elect pro 2 yars proportional-ye ei weikernumer os ielg Stat.
- Id Senat : 100 members, 2 pro Stat (quoskwe population), elect pro 6 yars, udnoven per tridel ielg dwot yar).
Tik id Congress votet id leg ed hat ids initiative. El President kaurti de id dostriction iom legs, est el chef ios administration, negocyet ed signet ia traiteits, ammert id askar. Id Congress ne poitt uperwaldhe el president, ni i ministers. El president ne poitti dissolve id Majlis im Representern ni id Senat.
El president behandt un veto rect : kay lives id veto ieter assemblee dehlct iter wides id leg med un 2/3 majoritat. Eti, behandti de facto id initiative iom legs, poittend anancihes ia legproposens quom weiden el vanscht ab un member ios Congress ed suggeste ei Congress vote ia projects annecten ei yarmessage de id "Stand ios Union".
Id Congress est leur de refuse we modifie ia legproposens oistohmen ab el president ed besonters ia credits oiskwt ab id Executive ed it ghehdt bepremes senter. Eti, id Senato dehlct dahe sien samstehmen ei taukile ibs hogst walsims tem quem ei taukile im judcen ei Supreme Curt ed autorise id ratification iom traiteits (majoritat iom 2/3)
Impeachment proceddure quosmed id Majlis im Representern poitt, pos recommandation os sien judicial commission, encause, ant id Senat quod tehmti med un 2/3 majoritat, de un skeulos al president. Tod proceddure buit enovert in 1868 adversus President Andrew Johnson bet id Senat repuls id azwl. In 1974 President Nixon, menacet med subihes id bi-sabab id politic scandal ios Watergate, preferit istife per id vote ios Majlis im Representern. Ed su-rejecit in 1999 id Senat cada denda protie President Bill Clinton, encauset in re Monica Lewinsky, id de politic autoritat ios president biht lakin affect ab id fact od un impeachment proceddure buit ornuwen adversus iom. Donald Trump hat esen zielen ab dwo impeachment proceddures, qua bo vienseer samt un azwlrefuse oppost ab id Senat, uter unte id amtstid, dwoter unte tos quantensensta diens ob isnahvs sien partisans ad lahe id US Capitolino menxu i Presidential Electors tyic id "formal" election ios nov president.
.jpg){kind=link}
Waurntos eusttro ijmal os Capitol Hill, in Washington, id nagor iom Uniet Stats (photo ab Carol Highsmith). Front-ye lyehct id US Capitolin, quer seddt id US Congress; apter id (levtos dextro) id US Supreme Curt ed id Jefferson Building (id magno bibliotheque ios Congress). Dalgi, id Commanders Stadium.
Bipartisme[]
Alternation in magh im democrats ed respublicans, bet ta partises sonti minter disciplinen quem ia britisch partises : sems iren membern sont witerom iom president hatta kun so est is lider ios partise, invers-ye is president maght spehe obtene ia stehms em certainens members ios witer partise.
Eti, is president maght bayghe uter partise ed id majoritat ios Congressios ses inter ia ghesors alters partise (talg buit, mathalan, id situation sub ia presidences om Potis Nixon ed Carter). Sub id presidence os Poti Reagan (respublican) electo dien 4 November 1980 ed relecto dien 6 November 1984, id democratic partise hat conservet id control ios Dom im Representern ed emto tsay in 1986 id majoritat in id Senat. Id election ios respublican candidat Poti Bush, dien 4 November 1988, ne hat oistabht ei democrat partise conserve id majoritat om bo doms ios Congress.
Ia elections os 2008 hant dahn im democrats un large majoritat in bo assemblees, quo ne hat sparen ad President Obama molie impones eys meidplan kay nehse ex id economic ed financial crise. Ta difficultats hant crohsct ob id reiken, pon ia elections ios 3 November 2010, uns respublicanios majoritatios do id Dom im Representern, majoritat suagwaukan de hassile large reductions in id public expense, kardwnneut pon ia elections os 2014 ab un respublicano majoritat in id Senat. Donald Trump ghohd antruses un respublicano majoritat in id Senat. Donald Trump ghohd antruses un respublicano majoritat in bo assemblees ex ia elections os November 2016, dind i democrats sumeer id control ios Dom im Representern in 2018. Ia elections os 2020 hant brighen do presidence iom democrato Joe Biden quos partise conservet id majoritat in id Dom im Representern bet obtenti tod ios Senatios tik dank id stehm ios vice-presidentin. In 2022, i democrats hant conserven id majoritat in id Senat bet hant lusen id in id Dom im Representern.
Dien 6 Januar 2021, is electoral-ye vict US president D.Trump isnahsit sien tarafdars ad "marche" do id Congress ob id election habiet esen "khabis". Plurs eysen partisans yinjier rusch do id Congress treb menxu tyohc id formal hissab iom votes pro iom nov democrat president Joe Biden sub id perodhseddia ios respublican vice-president Mike Pence. Id kjeingchat buit ops udstaurn ed id horde lahsit do id Parlament, quetos i politicians hieb esen evacuen just barwakt. Her is "gomber-wir" Jacob Angeli Chansley sub id dais ios Senat Majlis. Pos id reiken os ordre-public, id Senat khiek sammel kafi stehms pro istife D.Trump ob pussirevs do insurrection. Yant is rebihsit US President in Januar 2025, so fauran penal-ye pardonit vasyens participants tos hangamah.
Id influence bugen ab iom president[]
Is president est is dominant element : nu-reult is id land ed opsst-ye id Congresso sehkwt (ploisko in tid os cohabitation), esdi is president dehlct un pichen bides id. Id Congresso skeipti yed un influent protiemagh blocktil, besonters, id action ios president refusend-ye vote ia legs au necessara credits.
Also permitt id presidential election im voters chuses un lider anancend un programme ed schowi, kam in id Uniet Roydem, habe uno meg real influence ep id meinyun ios land.
Donald Trump hat obkwohken ses un aunsam president. Acceddt id presidence nespekent un importanto stehmfarko pro sien duschman Hillary Clinton (48% iom suffragen contra 45,9 %). Desconcertet ops med id orientation os sien siyassa, in rupture con tod sienen predecessorn, ab id bruskia iom tweets mehldend sien decisions. Bilhassa, is dahsit ei prist inter id scrutin ios 3 November 2020 ed id investiture dien 20 Januar 2021, uno negnohn wehrtmen bi-sabab sien inat refuse os recognihes id sigh os Joe Biden yed large-ye hassilen (306 electors contra 236; 81 millions om suffrages contra 74 millions). Ne tik multiplicit is recursa ant tribunals kay sib udsudye id bataleihsa iom resultats, sontern yaschi, pos tom reject, is invitit sien partisans ad marche do id Capitolino menxu id Congresso samghiet ter pro id hissab ios vote im electorn, quo suw id suspension ios session. Ad to biht gwuten od is amtirend president nud plen-ye ia maghs is naxih tiel dien 20 Januar 2021 kay wides un serie om contestable decisions, besonters in id bungos ios amanrect ed, witerom id tradition, nel-ye facilihsit id organisation ios uperdehsa ios magh ei "nov administration".